|
Contents |
|
|
Introduction |
3 |
|
Biological Applications of Lifetime Techniques |
3 |
|
Fluorescence Quenching |
3 |
|
Resonance Energy Transfer |
4 |
|
Separation of Different Chromophores |
5 |
|
Diffusion in Cells |
5 |
|
Microscopy Techniques |
5 |
|
Wide-Field Fluorescence Microscopy |
5 |
|
Laser Scanning Microscopy |
6 |
|
Optical Near-Field Microscopy |
7 |
|
Light Sources |
7 |
|
Titanium-Sapphire Lasers |
7 |
|
Frequency Doubled Titanium-Sapphire Lasers |
8 |
|
Fibre Lasers |
8 |
|
Pulsed Diode Lasers |
8 |
|
Modulated CW Lasers |
8 |
|
Mode-locked CW Lasers |
9 |
|
Pulse Pickers and Cavity Dumpers |
9 |
|
Detectors |
9 |
|
Photomultiplier Tubes (PMTs) |
9 |
|
Image intensifiers |
11 |
|
Avalanche photodiodes |
12 |
|
Cornerstones of Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging |
12 |
|
Time Resolution |
12 |
|
Signal-to-Noise Ratio |
12 |
|
Detection efficiency |
13 |
|
Recording efficiency |
13 |
|
Sample Saturation |
14 |
|
Photobleaching |
14 |
|
Signal Processing Techniques |
15 |
|
Gated Image Intensifiers |
15 |
|
Modulation Techniques |
17 |
|
Single Channel Modulation Techniques |
18 |
|
Modulated Image Intensifiers |
20 |
|
Gated Photon Counters |
23 |
|
Time-Correlated Single Photon Counting (TCSPC) |
26 |
|
TCSPC Imaging |
27 |
|
Multi Wavelength TCSPC Imaging |
29 |
|
Features of the TCSPC imaging techniques |
32 |
|
Other TCSPC Techniques |
35 |
|
Application of TCSPC to diffusion in cells |
35 |
|
TCSPC Wide Field Imaging |
35 |
|
Comparison of Signal Processing Techniques |
36 |
|
Summary |
37 |
|
References |
38 |
